Assistant
Definition
By Gregory R. Waryasz, MD
The glenoid labrum of the musculoskeletal system is characterized by being attached to the glenoid rim of the socket.
It is part of the glenohumeral joint. It consists of fibrocartilage.
Its unique structural feature is that it is located around the glenoid fossa to deepen the articulating surface of the joint.
The glenoid labrum as well as all other bones, muscles, and ligaments of the body are derived of mesodermal origin in the embryo.
The function of the glenoid labrum is to deepen the glenoid fossa, stabilize the humeral head, and allow for an attachment site for the capsuloligamentous structures. It helps to deepen the glenoid fossa by approximately 50%. The labrum may also play a role in maintaining synovial fluid in the hip joint.
Common diseases include labrum tears.
Labrum tears can be due to a variety of conditions including dysplasia, impingement, repetitive motions, and trauma.
Commonly used diagnostic procedures include clinical history, physical exam, MRI, bone scan and CT scan.
It is usually treated with physical therapy and NSAIDs. Surgery can be performed either with a large open incision or performed with arthroscopy.
References
Elstrom J, Virkus W, Pankovich (eds), Handbook of Fractures (3rd edition), McGraw Hill, New York, NY, 2006.
Koval K, Zuckerman J (eds), Handbook of Fractures (3rd edition), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2006.
Lieberman J (ed), AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2008.
Moore K, Dalley A (eds), Clinically Oriented Anatomy (5th edition), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2006.