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Ankle Joint Capsule Definition
By Gregory R. Waryasz, MD
The ankle joint capsule of the musculoskeletal system is characterized by covering the ankle joint.
It is part of the ankle joint. It consists of a fibrous layer and an internal synovial membrane.
Its unique structural feature is that it encloses the ankle joint. Anteriorly and posterioly the capsule is thin. The medial and lateral sides of the capsule are thicker and supported by the collateral ligaments. The fibrous layer is attached superiorly to the border of the articular surfaces of the tibia and malleoli and inferiorly attached to the talus. A synovial membrane lines the inside of the capsule.
The ankle joint capsule as well as all other bones, muscles, and ligaments of the body are derived of mesodermal origin in the embryo.
The function of the capsule is to enclose and provide some stability to the ankle joint.
Common diseases include fracture and tearing. Anterior impingement is also a disorder of the capsule.
Anterior impingement syndrome of the ankle is a condition of either soft tissue or bony impingement. Soft tissue impingement can be due to chronic instability from ankle sprains. Bony impingement can result from an anterior tibiotalar spur, extreme dorsiflexion during activities such as ballet impinging the tibia on the talar neck, a natural sulcus, or the formation of exostoses (new bone formation).
Commonly used diagnostic procedures include clinical history, physical exam, and MRI.
It is usually treated with physical therapy and treatment for the other associated injuries.
References
Elstrom J, Virkus W, Pankovich (eds), Handbook of Fractures (3rd edition), McGraw Hill, New York, NY, 2006.
Koval K, Zuckerman J (eds), Handbook of Fractures (3rd edition), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2006.
Lieberman J (ed), AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2008.
Moore K, Dalley A (eds), Clinically Oriented Anatomy (5th edition), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2006.